Plus One Economics Annual Exam Answer Key

Economics Answer Key

Section 1: Answer any 8 questions from 1 to 10 (1 mark each)

1. Karve committee is related to

(b) Small scale industries
(Karve Committee is related to small scale industries)

2. Which one of the following is known as World Bank

(c) IBRD
(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is known as World Bank)

3. In India, the current poverty estimate is based on the methodology recommended by

(d) Tendukkar Expert Group
(Current poverty estimates in India are based on Tendulkar Expert Group methodology)

4. The apex body that co-ordinate the activities of all institutions involved in the rural financial system is

(d) NABARD
(National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development coordinates rural financial institutions)

5. The process of moving from self-employment and regular salaried employment to casual wage work is known as

(c) Casualisation of workforce
(Moving to casual wage work is called casualisation of workforce)

6. Which one of the following factor is not responsible for land degradation?

(c) Adoption of soil conservation measures
(This prevents land degradation, not causes it)

7. A source of secondary data is

(d) Census report
(Census is a source of secondary data)

8. Classification of data based on time is

(d) Temporal
(Time-based classification is called temporal)

9. If \( r = 1 \), then the correlation between variables are

(a) perfect positive correlation
(r=1 indicates perfect positive correlation)

10. An index number which accounts for the relative importance of the items is known as

(c) Weighted index
(Accounts for relative importance of items)

Section 2: Answer any 4 questions from 11 to 15 (2 marks each)

11. Write two objectives of WTO.

• To promote free trade by reducing trade barriers
• To provide a forum for trade negotiations

12. Mention functions of environment.

• Supplies resources for production
• Assimilates waste
• Sustains life by providing ecological services

13. Write two uses of statistics in Economics.

• Helps in economic planning and policy formulation
• Enables comparison of economic variables over time and space

14. Distinguish between discrete variable and continuous variable. Write one example for each.

• Discrete: Can take only whole numbers (e.g., number of children)
• Continuous: Can take any value in a range (e.g., height, weight)

15. Write steps towards making a project.

1. Identify the problem/topic
2. Collect relevant data
3. Analyze the data
4. Prepare the report

Section 3: Answer any 4 questions from 16 to 20 (3 marks each)

16. Write any three drawbacks of land reforms implemented in India.

• Ineffective implementation due to bureaucratic hurdles
• Loopholes in laws allowed landowners to evade reforms
• Lack of political will to implement reforms properly

18. (a) What do you mean by worker population ratio?
(b) What does a higher worker population mean?

(a) Worker population ratio: Ratio of workers to total population

(b) Higher ratio means: Larger proportion of population is employed

19. Distinguish between random sampling and non-random sampling.

• Random: Every item has equal chance of selection (e.g., lottery method)
• Non-random: Selection based on researcher's judgment (e.g., purposive sampling)

20. Mention parts of a table.

• Title
• Stub (row headings)
• Caption (column headings)
• Body (data)
• Footnotes

21. Explain any three issues in the construction of an index number.

• Selection of base year
• Selection of appropriate weights
• Choice of items to be included

Section 4: Answer any 4 questions from 21 to 25 (4 marks each)

22. Critically evaluate state of infrastructure during the colonial period.

• Developed mainly to serve British interests (railways for resource transport)
• Neglected rural infrastructure
• Uneven regional development
• Basic infrastructure like health, education was inadequate

23. Explain the initiatives taken by the government for the formation of human capital in India with special reference to education and health.

• Education: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Right to Education Act, mid-day meal scheme
• Health: National Health Mission, Ayushman Bharat, immunization programs
• Skill development: Skill India Mission, vocational training

24. Explain development strategies of China.

• Agricultural reforms (Household Responsibility System)
• Special Economic Zones to attract FDI
• Focus on manufacturing and exports
• Heavy investment in infrastructure

25. Distinguish between sampling errors and non-sampling errors.

• Sampling: Due to sample not representing population (reduced by increasing sample size)
• Non-sampling: Data collection/processing errors (e.g., measurement errors, non-response)

Section 5: Answer any 4 questions from 26 to 30 (5 marks each)

26. Discuss impacts of new economic policy on Indian agriculture and Industrial sector.

• Agriculture: Reduced subsidies, exposure to global competition
• Industry: Liberalization, increased FDI, technological upgradation
• Mixed results - growth but also increased inequality

27. (a) What do you mean by sustainable development?
(b) What are the strategies for sustainable development?

(a) Sustainable development: Development meeting present needs without compromising future generations

(b) Strategies:

• Use of renewable resources
• Pollution control
• Conservation of biodiversity
• Population control

28. In certain situation direct personal interview is superior than investigation through mailed questionnaire. Explain.

• Higher response rate
• Can clarify doubts immediately
• Non-verbal cues can be observed
• Suitable for illiterate respondents

29. In a city, 45 families were surveyed for the number of cell phones they used. Prepare a frequency array based on their replies as recorded below:

Number of cell phones	Frequency
0	1
1	8
2	18
3	10
4	4
5	1
6	2
7	1

30. Enrolment by gender at school of children aged 6-14 years in a district of Bihar is given below:

Component bar diagram would show two bars for each gender - one segment for enrolled percentage, other for out-of-school percentage

Section 6: Answer any 2 questions from 31 to 33 (8 marks each)

31. In India several poverty alleviation programmes implemented. Explain these programmes.

• MGNREGA: Guaranteed rural employment
• PMAY: Affordable housing
• NSAP: Social assistance to elderly/widows
• PMGSY: Rural road connectivity
• Issues: Leakages, targeting errors, inadequate funding

32. Rural development is possible through diversification.
(a) Explain need of diversification in rural area.
(b) Explain diversification to agriculture allied activities.

(a) Need: Reduce dependence on agriculture, create employment

(b) Agriculture allied activities:

• Animal husbandry
• Fisheries
• Horticulture
• Food processing

33. Given frequency distribution:
(a) Find Mean and Mode.
(b) Write two interesting properties of arithmetic mean.

(a) Calculations:
Mean = Σ(fx)/Σf
Mode = l + (f1-f0)/(2f1-f0-f2) × h

(b) Properties of arithmetic mean:

• Sum of deviations from mean is zero
• Affected by extreme values